Standard III Rocks and Soil Unit Words bedrock the lowest layer or the solid rock that lies underneath the soil erosion the movement of rock fragments from one place to another freeze turn to ice igneous rocks that are formed when magma, or melted rock from deep inside the earth rises and cools metamorphic rocks that have been changed by heat and pressure minerals natural, non-living, solid materials, with a crystal structure, made of one kind of material non-living never have lived, nutrients substances needed by living things to stay healthy organisms living plant or animal Also refers to dead plants and animals sedimentary rocks formed from sediments that have settled into layers soil profile a side view "slice" of the different layers of earth structural support something that helps anchor a plant (helps it stand up) subsoil the layer below the topsoil thaw melt topsoil the top layer of soil that we see and contains living organisms and non-living materials weathering the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces called sediments Additional word students need to know in order to understand Standard III ADJECTIVES dull dim, not shiny, shiny bright, reflecting light, highly polished, glossy, opposite of dull metallic 1. shiny like metal 2. made of metal banded stripes of a different color and/or material running through an object streaked long, thin lines of a different color running through an object speckled small spots or marks of a different color honeycombed filled with holes like the honeycomb of a bee peppered sprinkled with small dots (or holes) layered two or more kinds of material laying on top of each other folded bent over or doubled over on itself grainy having a rough texture, covered with rough grains like sand coarse large pieces fine very small pieces frothy foamy, full of air such as cotton candy slick slippery wavy curvy, lines that go up and down like a series of Ss on their sides gritty rough, sandy, feels like tiny sharp pieces pure made of just one substance or material sloping not level, slanting up and down, inclined decaying rotting VERBS deposit put down, to lay something down cemented glued or stuck together varies changes, does not stay the same anchor exposed decompose absorb NOUNS grains little pieces of something - such as grains of salt or grains of sand particles a very tiny piece of something, fragments sediments little pieces that settle to the bottom of a liquid gullies a channel or long hollow formed by running water retaining wall a wall built to retain or hold back the soil presence meaning something is there where you can see it, in attendance texture what an object feels like when you run your hand over it substance material, stuff, what something is made of process how something is done component part of a whole, ingredient MISC. WORDS - general words found in science readings + CRTs composition compare contrast comparison composed of contains observe record describe description consists of supplied with explain explanation identify sample have in common measure measuring cup magnifying lens beaker graduated cylinder funnel pipette